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Lublin 1980 strikes
The Lublin 1980 strikes (also known as Lublin July, (ポーランド語:Lubelski Lipiec)) were the series of workers’ strikes in the area of the eastern city of Lublin (People's Republic of Poland), demanding better salaries and lower prices of food products. They began on July 8, 1980, at the State Aviation Works in Świdnik, a town located on the outskirts of Lublin. By mid-July, 1980, some 50,000 local workers from more than 150 enterprises went on strike.〔(Warsaw Voice, Solidarity 1980-81 )〕 These strikes marked the beginning of important socio-political changes in Poland, such as the creation of Solidarity and democratization of the country,〔(Tourist Information Centre in Lublin, Brief History of Lublin )〕 heralding a wave of protests later referred to as the ''August 1980'' strikes.〔
== Background ==
On January 1, 1980, Edward Gierek, First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party, gave a New Year's speech in which he admitted that Poland was in an economic slump, adding that the difficulties had been caused both by drought in the summer of 1979 and by the severe winter of 1979-1980. More than a month later, on February 9, the Central Statistical Office disclosed data about Polish State revenue, announcing that compared to the previous year, it shrank by 2%.〔(“To the creation of Solidarity - Chronology of 1980 in Poland”, by Krzysztof Kosinski, Warsaw 1998 )〕 The growing crisis was also noticed by the Catholic Church. On February 18, Polish hierarchy with Primate Stefan Wyszynski, emphasized bad economic situation of the country and urged the government to talk to the nation.
In the following weeks, numerous price increases of several products were announced, such as gasoline, cigarettes, soft drinks, and then, on June 30, the nation was shocked to find out that a major increase in meat prices (up to 60%) had been announced.〔(Poland 1980: Lessons still valid for the struggles of the world proletariat ) "On July 1, 1980, after a major increase in meat prices (to 60% )"〕 The increase also included the so-called ''meat products'', available in canteens in Polish factories. Reaction of the workers was immediate. On the next day, strikes broke out in Warsaw's tractor plant Ursus, in the bus producer Autosan in Sanok, in the Communications Equipment Factory in Mielec, in the car component factory ''Polmo'' in Tczew and in the compressor plant ''Ponar'' in Tarnów. In the Ursus tractor factory, the workers organised assemblies, composed a list of demands, and elected a strike committee. They resisted the threat of firings and repression and carried on work stoppages throughout the following period.〔(Poland 1980: Lessons still valid for the struggles of the world proletariat )〕
On July 1, the Politburo of the ''Polish United Workers' Party'' gathered in Warsaw, but the protests were not even mentioned during talks. Meanwhile, major factories in Warsaw joined the strike - ''Warsaw Steelworks'', ''Mera-Centrum'' and ''Polkolor'', as well as the cotton plant ''Stella'' in Żyrardów.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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